As we bask in the aroma of a new year, travel enthusiasts are looking for places to visit in 2025. A new year promises different opportunities and adventures. Some travelers look forward to returning to their favorite vacation spots, while others search for new destinations. As someone who has only traveled to Western Europe, Canada, and China, I want to expand my destination portfolio this year. I plan to visit the Caribbean, South America, and several African countries. In 2025, I want to take several vacations and go on a romantic trip with my partner. Hence, I am already planning my vacations. Since I plan to visit areas I haven’t traveled to yet, I realized traveling to these places requires different travel requirements than the previous places I have traveled to, such as travel vaccines. Hence, this post will discuss the importance of travel vaccines and provide 7 crucial vaccines every traveler should know about when planning to travel to various parts of the world. Before diving in, let’s discuss the importance of travel vaccines.
Why Are Travel Vaccines Important?
Travel vaccines became a global discussion during the pandemic. During the climax of the pandemic, many countries around the world required travelers to get vaccinated or have negative COVID-19 test results as a requirement for entry into their country. As of May 11, 2023, the United States no longer requires visitors to meet these requirements. While these measures were extreme to some people, and it was the first time to confront such a situation, it is not uncommon.
Travelers had to meet vaccine requirements from their destination and home countries for years. For example, As an American traveling abroad, you are required to have all your vaccines before you travel so that you do not bring back any disease that we have eradicated in the U.S. So even if the destination country may not check your vaccine record, the customer service personnel at the airport will ask you to show proof of your vaccination before you board the plane. In 2019, when my mother was traveling to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the agent at the airport asked her to show proof of her Yellow Fever vaccine when she went to check-in.
Although I have been traveling for seven years, I have yet to get a travel vaccination to travel to the countries I have traveled to. I have been in places where most infectious diseases have been eradicated. As a traveler going to Europe, Canada, and even China, I never included getting a travel vaccination, and I am not alone. Although I have been in countries that have eradicated the infectious diseases we will discuss later, my friends who have traveled to the Caribbean do not get vaccinated. They see a cheap airline flight, meet the visa requirement, and travel without considering whether or not they need a vaccine. When they return, they always come back with a cold or fever. Hence, we shall discuss why travelers should be vaccinated against certain diseases before traveling to prevent travelers from getting sick or spreading illness to others.
2 Reasons To Get Vaccinated as a Traveler
Travel vaccines are essential to ensure your health and safety. Nothing is worse than planning an exciting vacation, traveling to your dream destination, and getting sick within the first few days. Getting sick in a foreign country is awful for many reasons. First, it ruins your adventure plans. It puts you in a highly vulnerable place, especially if you are traveling solo and do not have a network of people to care for you. It can also prevent you from visiting such a country the next time because of your previous bad experience. You do not want to waste money on a medical emergency when abroad on vacation. Most of us do not have international health insurance when we travel. Therefore, you are responsible for the medical bills if you get sick. Although some countries have free healthcare, it is not always free, especially for international tourists. There is always a fee to pay. If traveling on a small budget, adding medical bills is not ideal. Hence, it is vital to ensure your health and safety by getting vaccinated before traveling to places that still experience outbreaks of diseases that are uncommon in the West.
The second reason travel vaccines are vital is that they stop spreading diseases to other people. As mentioned above, countries enforce certain vaccines to ensure you do not bring back specific diseases. The pandemic showed how most of us received vaccines to help those most vulnerable not get the disease. Some of us got vaccinated because of our grandparents, people with auto-immune diseases who couldn’t get the vaccine, and many more reasons. As a traveler, you will not only spread the disease in the local community abroad if you get infected but will surely bring it back home to your local community. You can expose people to infectious diseases at the hotel, by taxi, at the airports, or even on excursions. Since you are moving and meeting various people, you can become a super-spreader, endangering many people. Hence, knowing which vaccines you need for multiple destinations to ensure your health and the safety of others and yourself is crucial. The Centers for Disease Control(CDC) lists travel vaccines to get before traveling to various travel destinations. Although there are many travel vaccines to know about, we have picked the 7 most common that every traveler should know and take before traveling to various parts of the world.
7 Important Travel Vaccines
- TB
The first vital disease to ensure you are protected against before and after traveling is Tuberculosis (TB). Unlike the other vaccines we will discuss, Tuberculosis vaccines are not common in the United States. However, TB is one of the most critical diseases travelers should be protected from because it is a contagious bacterial infection that affects mainly the lungs. However, it can also impact other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately one-quarter of the world’s population is currently infected with TB, translating to an estimated 2 billion people worldwide. However, many people with TB do not exhibit symptoms. They are classified as having latent TB, which may re-emerge as an active disease under certain conditions, such as weakened immune systems. Although there is a TB vaccine called Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which is given to children, it is not commonly used in the United States because of the low risk of children getting TB in the U.S. Hence, for such countries, it is crucial to test for TB before and after traveling.
Travelers should test for TB before and after traveling to pinpoint whether they had the infection before they traveled or got it after their trips. I highly recommend you get tested after returning because TB is prevalent in many countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa if you do not get tested for TB before traveling. Hence, it is crucial to get tested when you return and ensure you do not have a latent TB. However, people not born in the U.S. may have received the BCG vaccines as children. Although the vaccines ensure small children do not develop TB meningitis, the vaccine’s efficacy weakens over time. Another reason to be tested is to ensure you do not have TB before and after your trip. Travelers who receive the vaccine and have children must let their healthcare professional know before doing the TB test because the vaccine can provoke a false positive. There are three ways of doing a TB test. There is a skin test, blood test, and chest x-ray test. The CDC recommends doing the TB blood test for those who had the vaccine as children. If you are traveling for a long duration in a country where TB is prevalent, you may be able to go to a TB expert and receive the TB vaccine to ensure your health and safety as well as the safety of others.
- Yellow Fever
The second vital vaccine to receive is the Yellow Fever vaccine. As African and South American countries become top travel destinations, getting the Yellow Fever vaccines is critical for travelers venturing to these regions where the disease is endemic. Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever, which affects the entire body once infected and is transmitted by mosquitoes. Its symptoms can include fever, chills, loss of appetite, and muscle pain. In severe cases, it can lead to potentially fatal complications such as liver damage and bleeding. The World Health Organization estimates 200,000 cases every year, with 30,000 deaths due to Yellow Fever infections. While most people fear mosquito bites at night time, the mosquito that causes yellow fever can occur in the daytime. Hence, taking preventative measures, such as the Yellow Fever vaccine, is crucial.
To protect oneself and others, travelers should prioritize obtaining the Yellow Fever vaccine before their trip. The vaccination is typically administered as a single dose. Most individuals who receive the vaccinations have immunity for life. However, some countries may require a booster shot after ten years for entry. Travelers need to check the vaccination requirements of their destination when planning their trips to ensure compliance with health regulations and safeguard their health. Receiving the Yellow Fever vaccine not only protects the individual but also plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of the virus, especially in areas where mosquitoes thrive. By getting vaccinated, travelers help contribute to community immunity, reducing the risk of outbreaks. The Yellow Fever vaccine ensures safe and healthy travel experiences in tropical and subtropical regions. Other preventative measures to prevent being infected by Yellow Fever while on your trip are using insect repellents, wearing long sleeves, choosing accommodations with air conditioners, and sleeping under mosquito nets.
- MMR
The next vaccine to ensure you have as a traveler is the MMR vaccine. The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. The vaccine is crucial for travelers, especially when visiting regions with low vaccination rates. While measles is a disease that the world has made significant progress in controlling, it remains highly contagious and can lead to severe health complications. In areas with insufficient vaccination coverage, outbreaks can occur, putting unvaccinated travelers at risk. Receiving the MMR vaccine before traveling is a robust safety measure, safeguarding the individual and the communities they visit and return to. Travelers who contract measles, for example, can experience serious repercussions, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death, particularly among young children and those with weakened immune systems. Hence, travelers with kids should ensure they are fully vaccinated before traveling.
Most people who receive the MMR vaccine do so in their first two years. However, many young children worldwide have yet to get vaccinated. Therefore, as travelers, you do not only get vaccinated to protect yourself and your kids but also children abroad who are susceptible to being affected by the diseases. Infected travelers can unknowingly spread the virus to others, contributing to outbreaks that threaten the public health of the country you are visiting. The ripple effects of such outbreaks can strain healthcare systems and lead to increased fear about traveling to some regions of the world. By ensuring you are vaccinated with the MMR vaccine before traveling, you actively contribute to global health, reduce the risk of outbreaks, and protect vulnerable populations abroad and in your home community when you return.
- Chikungunya
Another disease caused by mosquitoes is Chikungunya. Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. It is predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of Africa, Asia, and, more recently, the Americas and the Caribbean. The disease has become a significant health concern for travelers visiting endemic areas, making awareness and prevention essential. Chikungunya outbreaks have occurred in the Americas, Asia, Africa, Europe, and islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Travelers are potential spreaders of this virus. Hence, travelers must know about this disease and take preventative measures to ensure we do not have another pandemic.
Unlike many diseases with medications for treatment, there are no medications to treat Chikungunya. Hence, being vaccinated is most important. People who get infected with Chikungunya start to experience symptoms within 2 to 12 days after the bite of an infected mosquito. Common symptoms include high fever, severe joint pain, muscle pain, headaches, and rash. While most patients recover fully within a week, some may experience persistent joint pain that can last for months or even years. This chronic pain can significantly impact the quality of life. The vaccine helps establish immunity and reduces the risk of infection, allowing individuals to enjoy their trip without fearing contracting the disease. Additionally, preventing the spread of Chikungunya contributes to global health efforts, as vaccines are not available everywhere. By protecting oneself and others, travelers play a vital role in controlling outbreaks and maintaining safer environments.
- Tick-borne Encephalitis
Mosquitoes are not the only vector to worry about when traveling. Another vector to worry about is the tick. Ticks are efficient vectors with multiple pathogens because they interact with various vertebrae hosts during their life cycles. One disease they contribute to is Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). TBE is a viral infection transmitted primarily through the bite of infected ticks. It is commonly found in Europe and Asia, particularly in wooded and grassy areas where ticks thrive. The regions with the highest incidence include parts of central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, and some areas of Russia and China. Travelers who enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, or hunting should be wary of this disease. Once the virus enters the body, it can cause inflammation of the brain and central nervous system, leading to severe neurological conditions. Some people infected may not experience symptoms. However, for those who do, their initial symptoms may resemble flu, including fever, headaches, and muscle pain. Some individuals progress to more severe symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and even coma. Recovery can be lengthy, and some may experience lasting neurological issues.
Although people infected with TBE can drink fluid, rest, and take pain medication to alleviate the symptoms, there is no specific treatment for TBE. Given the severity of TBE and the potential for complications, vaccination is crucial. The TBE vaccine, TICOVAC, is administered in 3-doses. People aged 16 and older should be vaccinated with their first two doses spaced 14 to 3 months apart and get their last dose 5 to 12 months later. Children under 16 should receive their first two doses spaced from 1 to 3 months and their final dose 5 to 12 months later. Hence, vaccinate to meet this requirement before your trip if you plan to travel this year. The vaccine effectively prevents the disease. Individuals can safeguard themselves against a potentially life-threatening illness by getting vaccinated and contributing to the broader effort to control tick-borne diseases. Remember, the time of year when ticks are active is between April to November. Therefore, if you plan to travel in the regions where they are common around this time, ensure you are vaccinated to protect yourself and others.
- Hepatitis B
Another vaccine to add to your travel vaccination list is Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to acute and chronic diseases. It is spread primarily through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal secretions. High-risk regions for hepatitis B include sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and parts of the Middle East and Eastern Europe, where the virus is more prevalent. Travelers to these areas should be cautious, as vaccination can provide essential protection before travel. This is one of the most crucial vaccines, as the potential of dating and having one-night stands abroad appeals to many travelers. You can also get Hepatitis B by injecting drugs or getting tattoos with unsterilized tools. Hepatitis B symptoms vary widely, ranging from mild flu-like feelings to severe liver-related complications. Common symptoms include fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Many infected individuals may remain asymptomatic, making it crucial to take preventive measures.
Vaccination against hepatitis B is vital before traveling, especially to high-risk regions and if you will live abroad for a long time. The vaccine is safe and effective at preventing infection, ensuring that travelers safeguard their health. The CDC recommends that all infants get vaccinated. If you have not yet been vaccinated, you should do so, regardless of whether you are traveling. The Hepatitis B vaccine comes in 2 or 3 doses, depending on which brand your healthcare professional uses. If you miss a dose, it is okay. However, you have to finish the full dosage for good protection. People who receive the three vaccine doses can spread them over 6 months. By being proactive about vaccination, travelers protect themselves and support efforts to control the spread of hepatitis B globally and ensure they enjoy their adventure abroad without unplanned surprises.
- Rabies
The last disease on this list to prevent is Rabies. Rabies is a viral disease that primarily affects mammals, including humans, and is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. Travelers, particularly those venturing into remote areas or engaging in outdoor activities, are likelier to encounter animals that may carry Rabies. However, Rabies is found globally, so you do not need to take an international trip to get it. According to the CDC, 60,000 Americans receive medical care due to exposure to Rabies. Although people can get Rabies anywhere, not every country has a robust healthcare system to treat it. Hence, it is essential for travelers, especially those traveling to countries with poor healthcare systems where you cannot get immediate medical attention, to get vaccinated against Rabies.
Once symptoms appear, Rabies is almost universally fatal, making it crucial to take preventive measures. Travelers should consider vaccinating against Rabies before their trips. You can get the vaccine after exposure to Rabies. However, you should aim to get it before infection. It is highly effective and can provide significant protection, particularly for those with limited access to medical facilities or post-exposure prophylaxis. Receiving the rabies vaccine in advance can significantly reduce the risk of severe complications in the event of an animal bite. This is especially relevant in rural areas where stray animals are more common, and the availability of immediate medical assistance may be lacking. By ensuring immunity before traveling, individuals can enjoy their adventures with peace of mind, knowing they have taken the necessary steps to protect their health and safety.
Conclusion
In conclusion, as we prepare for our travel adventures in 2025, understanding and prioritizing travel vaccines is crucial for a safe and enjoyable experience. Vaccine requirements vary by destination, and as you expand your travel portfolio this year, you must take all the necessary steps to ensure your health and those around you. Diseases such as Tuberculosis, Yellow Fever, Hepatitis B, and others pose significant risks in various regions, and being vaccinated helps prevent the spread of these illnesses both locally and back home.
By staying informed about the seven crucial vaccines every traveler should know, you can safeguard your health and embark on your dream trips—whether to the vibrant Caribbean, the rich landscapes of South America, or the diverse cultures of Africa—with peace of mind. Always check the latest guidelines from the CDC and consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice on the necessary vaccinations for your travel plans. Travel vaccines are more than just a requirement; they are a commitment to health, safety, and protecting yourself and the communities you visit. With careful planning and the appropriate vaccinations, you can ensure your adventures are filled with exploration and joy, free from health concerns.
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Until next time,
Happy New Year!
Xoxo,
Cy!